PinnyPeptide

FOX04-DRI vs SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Side-by-side comparison: effects, dosing ranges, side effects, regulatory status, and reconstitution.

Peptide A

FOX04-DRI

Longevity

D-retro-inverso senolytic peptide — selectively kills senescent cells via FOXO4-p53 disruption.

Peptide B

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Longevity

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that restores bioenergetics by stabilizing cardiolipin.

Typical vial

10 mg

Typical dose

Per kg dosing (research) mcg

Half-life

Extended via DRI backbone (~hours-days)

FDA status

Not FDA approved. In preclinical / early clinical developmen…

Typical vial

5 mg

Typical dose

5000-50000 mcg

Half-life

~4 hours

FDA status

Not FDA approved. FDA declined approval for Barth syndrome i…

FOX04-DRI effects

  • Selective induction of apoptosis in senescent cells
  • Reduction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)
  • Rejuvenation effects in aged mouse models (single study)
  • Mechanistically based on FOXO4-p53 binding disruption
  • D-retro-inverso backbone provides enzymatic stability

SS-31 (Elamipretide) effects

  • Stabilizes cardiolipin at the mitochondrial inner membrane
  • Restores electron transport chain efficiency and ATP production
  • Reduces mitochondrial ROS production at the source
  • Protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in heart and kidney
  • Improves age-related mitochondrial dysfunction

FOX04-DRI side effects

  • Largely uncharacterized in humans
  • Theoretical: off-target apoptosis in non-senescent cells under p53 stress
  • Injection-site reactions
  • Possible effects on stem/progenitor cell populations
  • Acute inflammatory response from senescent-cell debris

SS-31 (Elamipretide) side effects

  • Injection site reactions (pain, redness)
  • Mild headache
  • Transient flushing
  • Occasional dizziness

FOX04-DRI dosing ranges

Senolytic research (research-only)

0.4-5 mg/kg · Every other day for 1-2 weeks per cycle · Cycle-based per protocol

SS-31 (Elamipretide) dosing ranges

Mitochondrial support and longevity

5-50 mg · Once daily (SubQ) · 4-12 weeks

Full FOX04-DRI guide → Full SS-31 (Elamipretide) guide →

FOX04-DRI vs SS-31 (Elamipretide) — common questions

What is the difference between FOX04-DRI and SS-31 (Elamipretide)?

FOX04-DRI: D-retro-inverso senolytic peptide — selectively kills senescent cells via FOXO4-p53 disruption. Typical dose Per kg dosing (research) mcg. SS-31 (Elamipretide): Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that restores bioenergetics by stabilizing cardiolipin. Typical dose 5000-50000 mcg. Both fall under the Longevity category.

Can you stack FOX04-DRI and SS-31 (Elamipretide)?

Stacking FOX04-DRI with SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a protocol-design question best raised with a clinician — it depends on your goal, current bloodwork, and whether both peptides target overlapping mechanisms. Both peptides should be tracked independently with separate injection sites and timing. PinnyPeptide supports multi-peptide stacks with automatic injection site rotation.

Which is dosed more frequently, FOX04-DRI or SS-31 (Elamipretide)?

FOX04-DRI is typically dosed: Every other day for 1-2 weeks per cycle for Senolytic research (research-only). SS-31 (Elamipretide) is typically dosed: Once daily (SubQ) for Mitochondrial support and longevity.

Are FOX04-DRI and SS-31 (Elamipretide) FDA approved?

FOX04-DRI: Not FDA approved. In preclinical / early clinical development as Proxofim (Cleara Biotech). SS-31 (Elamipretide): Not FDA approved. FDA declined approval for Barth syndrome in 2023, requesting additional efficacy data. Multiple clinical trials ongoing for other mitochondrial indications.

Related peptide comparisons

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