PinnyPeptide

LL-37 vs Thymosin Alpha-1

Side-by-side comparison: effects, dosing ranges, side effects, regulatory status, and reconstitution.

Peptide A

LL-37

Healing & Recovery

Human antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum pathogen defense and wound-healing activity.

Peptide B

Thymosin Alpha-1

Immune

Thymic peptide with broad immunomodulatory activity, approved in over 35 countries.

Typical vial

5 mg

Typical dose

50-100 mcg

Half-life

~15-30 minutes (rapidly degraded by proteases)

FDA status

Not FDA approved for human use.

Typical vial

5 mg

Typical dose

1000-1600 mcg

Half-life

~2 hours

FDA status

Not FDA approved. Granted orphan drug designation for hepato…

LL-37 effects

  • Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses
  • Disrupts biofilm formation
  • Promotes wound healing and angiogenesis
  • Modulates innate immune responses
  • Neutralizes bacterial endotoxins (LPS)

Thymosin Alpha-1 effects

  • Enhances T-cell maturation and differentiation
  • Activates natural killer cell cytotoxicity
  • Stimulates dendritic cell function and antigen presentation
  • Modulates cytokine production (IFN-alpha, IL-2)
  • Improves vaccine response in immunocompromised patients

LL-37 side effects

  • Injection site redness and irritation
  • Potential cytotoxicity at high concentrations
  • Possible mast cell activation
  • Localized skin reactions

Thymosin Alpha-1 side effects

  • Mild injection site discomfort
  • Transient flu-like symptoms during initial immune activation
  • Occasional fatigue
  • Rare mild fever

LL-37 dosing ranges

Antimicrobial support

50-100 mcg · Once daily (SubQ) · 2-4 weeks

Wound healing support

50-100 mcg · Once daily near affected area · 2-4 weeks

Thymosin Alpha-1 dosing ranges

Immune modulation

1000-1600 mcg · Twice weekly (SubQ) · 6-12 months

Hepatitis treatment (clinical protocol)

1600 mcg · Twice weekly · 6-12 months

Acute immune support

1600 mcg · Daily for initial phase, then twice weekly · 2-4 weeks acute, then maintenance

LL-37 vs Thymosin Alpha-1 — common questions

What is the difference between LL-37 and Thymosin Alpha-1?

LL-37: Human antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum pathogen defense and wound-healing activity. Typical dose 50-100 mcg. Thymosin Alpha-1: Thymic peptide with broad immunomodulatory activity, approved in over 35 countries. Typical dose 1000-1600 mcg. Both fall under the Healing & Recovery and Immune categories.

Can you stack LL-37 and Thymosin Alpha-1?

Stacking LL-37 with Thymosin Alpha-1 is a protocol-design question best raised with a clinician — it depends on your goal, current bloodwork, and whether both peptides target overlapping mechanisms. Both peptides should be tracked independently with separate injection sites and timing. PinnyPeptide supports multi-peptide stacks with automatic injection site rotation.

Which is dosed more frequently, LL-37 or Thymosin Alpha-1?

LL-37 is typically dosed: Once daily (SubQ) for Antimicrobial support; Once daily near affected area for Wound healing support. Thymosin Alpha-1 is typically dosed: Twice weekly (SubQ) for Immune modulation; Twice weekly for Hepatitis treatment (clinical protocol); Daily for initial phase, then twice weekly for Acute immune support.

Are LL-37 and Thymosin Alpha-1 FDA approved?

LL-37: Not FDA approved for human use. Thymosin Alpha-1: Not FDA approved. Granted orphan drug designation for hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B. Multiple clinical trials conducted but no NDA submitted.

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